Qi Gong doesn't include the "effort" element in the exercise itself, it's divided into daily cultivation, Xiu (xinxing improvement in daily life) and exercises Lian, making up the term Xiulian (probably 秀蓮 but not 100% those are the letters). Virtue and Karma are the terms De 德 and Ye 業, same "De" as in as in Dao De Ying 道德經.

The way FG is normally taught, is by first teaching the exercises. This can be done by an "assistant" at your local "assistance center". As things are currently, I don't recommend this. It used to work because you are then getting personal instruction and can ask questions. But FG has unfortunately turned into the "cult" the CCP accused it of being back in 1999. It wasn't like this at first, and in the west is took perhaps longer for the process of going astray to take off. So currently, I would instead say; avoid the assistance center, and don't seek contact with assistants. If you meet someone who is practicing, and you determine them to be normal, decent people without cultist behaviour, you can practice with them. It has a positive effect to practice in group, if the original method is used in a non-perverted way.

Exercises To learn the exercises and understand the basics, read the book Falun Gong, or "Chinese Falun Gong", the title may vary between editions. It has images of the exercise poses and explains their function in a technical sense. To get the movements right, you can watch the video linked in the OP. This is a follow-along instruction, with instructions in Chinese, so you should have read the book first, or you can't keep up. Once you know the exercises, you can use mp3s posted on the same website for the pacing and music. Cultivation The next step, after you know the 5 exercises, is to start on actual "cultivation". The introduction to this is a compendium titled "The Great Consummation Way", also linked in the OP. It's a ~50 page document explaining what cultivation is, and the function of the assistance center. It also explains how to set up your own assistance center. Anyone is free to do this with no contact with the organization in the USA. If people started actually doing this by this document now, independently, it may cause a revival of the original method. Zhuan Falun This is the main book of Falun Dafa. Notice the term here is Dafa and not Gong. That is because it refers to the "great law", Da Fa, rather than the "cultivated energy" which is called Gong. Falun Gong refers to the method of using the Fa Lun, "law wheel" to transform virtue, De 德, into Gong. Gong is "intelligent high density energy" and can manifest as supernormal abilities, such as those shown in Kung Fu movies. The term Gong is the same as Kung, those are just different spellings. Kung Fu of Gong Fu are "abilities gained from transformation of virtue". To transform Virtue, De 德, you need to first have it. You will start with Ye 業, karma, and transform it into virtue. This is done by following the great law, Da Fa. The Falun Gong exercises only transform virtue into Gong, they don't create virtue from karma. This is a complex process taking place in everyday life, by following the law explain in Zhuan Falun. For this reason, you need to read the book a lot, and understand how to apply its contents. This is called "Fa study" or "studying the law", and is a main activity, which is invisible to those who do not practice actively. If you haven't started for real, you will do the exercises and think this is all there is.

Guangzhou 9 day lectures These are recordings of the original introduction to Falun Gong by Li Hongzhi in 1992. They exist in different versions, because he held them multiple times. On the website are videos with voice over in English, but there used to also be mp3s with voice over by an interpreter in different languages. Both are fine to use, as long as they have the original Chinese audio as the base. This is because Li was here channelling the source of the teachings directly, so the meaning in the Chinese original is included and will have an effect on the listener as a form of chants. The original way of teaching FG after the person has learned the exercises, is to watch the 9 day lectures. This must be done over a period of 9 days, with one lecture per day and no interruption. Watching them faster may be dangerous because it initiates a cleanse of your body, which could potentially even kill you if you were to watch 2 lectures in one day on the first run. If you interrupt the 9 day session, the effect also won't be very good. This is considered the "real way" of being introduced into FG practice. After this session, your thinking will also change, and you will feel different, and view the world differently.